Supporting Participants with Cognitive Changes
In class, you create a welcoming and inclusive environment for all participants, including those experiencing cognitive changes such as memory loss or dementia.
Your role as an instructor is to support participation, not to assess or diagnose cognitive conditions. Recognizing when participants may need additional support and adapting your instruction can help create a safe, respectful, and engaging class experience.
Common Signs of Cognitive Change
Participants may demonstrate one or more of the following:
- Difficulty following multi-step directions
- Misplacing items or class equipment
- Increased reliance on you for reassurance or reminders
- Appearing confused or withdrawn in familiar settings
- Repeating questions or comments
- Wandering or becoming disoriented
- Emotional responses such as frustration or agitation
- Verbal or physical outbursts related to confusion or fear
- Changes in balance, reaction time, or overall stability
Instructional Strategies
Use the following strategies to support safety, understanding, and participation:
Speak Clearly and Simply
- Use short, direct cues
- Break instructions into one-step actions
Use Visual Demonstrations
- Demonstrate movements clearly
- Use gestures to guide direction and movement
Break Movements into Steps
- Simplify movement patterns
- Allow time for practice before progressing
Use Consistent Structure
- Maintain a familiar class format
- Consistency in routine, music, and class flow may help reduce confusion and build confidence
Provide Movement Options
- Offer seated and supported variation
- Encourage participants to move in a way that feels safe and comfortable
Use Simple Cueing Techniques
- Use counting or rhythmic cues to support focus and timing
Safety and Support
If you observe behavior or instability that creates a safety concern, notify your facility manager or program director for guidance and support.
Stay Within Scope
As an instructor, you should remain within your scope of practice. Do not diagnose or provide medical advice. You can support participants by adjusting your instructions and creating a supportive environment.