The same factors that cause deterioration in the body may also cause a decline in brain function. For example, diabetes, hypertension and high cholesterol are conditions that can decrease brain function over time if not managed carefully. Taking control of these medical conditions is key to a healthy brain.
Controllable Risk Factors
Diabetes – Uncontrolled blood sugar damages blood vessels throughout the body, including the brain, and increases the risk for stroke and heart attack. Diabetes is also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s.
Heart disease and high blood pressure – These conditions can lead to stroke and changes in blood vessels related to dementia.
Physical inactivity – “About a third of the population over sixty-five report that they engage in no leisure-time activity (CDC).” Lack of physical activity may increase your risk of diabetes, heart disease, depression and stroke – all of which can harm the brain. Physical exercise improves overall vascular health, but it also impacts the brain’s ability to generate new neurons. A healthy body is important for a healthy brain and a healthy brain is important for a healthy body.
Lack of intellectual stimulation– Mental exercise is just as important as physical exercise. Learning new skills or a new language, and engaging in intellectually stimulating activities may help decrease age-related changes that can affect the brain.
Poor diet – A healthy diet can help reduce the risk of many chronic diseases, such as heart disease or diabetes. In general, a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables and lean proteins, which is also low in saturated fat, processed sugar and salt, will support brain health.
Social isolation – Social isolation and loneliness are harmful to the mind and body. A 2010 meta-analysis looked at 150 studies and concluded that people with networks of friends, neighbors, family members, and co-workers were 50% more likely to live longer than those who were isolated (Holt-Lunstad, Smith, Layton, 2010). Engaging in stimulating conversations and connecting in SilverSneakers group exercise classes are great for brain health and may slow the rate of memory decline.
High alcohol consumption – Drinking too much alcohol affects the brain by slowing or impairing communication among brain cells. This can lead to fuzzy memory, dizziness and slurred speech. Long-term effects may include changes in balance, memory, and coordination. As people age, they may become more sensitive to alcohol’s effects. Similarly, certain medications can be dangerous when mixed with alcohol.
Smoking – Smoking is harmful to the body and the brain. It raises the risk of heart attack, stroke, and lunge disease.
Head injuries – Older adults are at a higher risk of falls, car accidents, and other accidents that can cause brain injury. It is important to perform periodic checks for safety hazards in the home that could cause a potential fall, which could lead to a brain injury. Also, wearing appropriate head gear such as a helmet when playing sports or cycling is an important measure to protect the brain.
Depression – Many researchers believe depression is a risk factor for dementia, leading to confusion or attention problems (Byers & Yaffe, 2011).
Medications – Some medications and combinations of medications, can affect the way the brain functions. For example, certain drugs can cause memory loss or confusion in older adults. A doctor or pharmacist can review medications and check drug side effects and interactions.
Sleep problems – Quality sleep supports the immune system and enhances brain health. Sleep problems, such as not getting enough or sleeping poorly, can lead to issues with concentration, memory, and other cognitive functions.
Chronic stress – Stress can have a ripple effect on the body. It can lead to anxiety and depression, as well as high blood pressure, heart issues, and cancer. Chronic stress can even cause a deterioration of the architecture of the brain (Rately, 2008). Finding outlets to manage emotional and physical feelings of stress are helpful for the body and brain.